SOLVENTS
TOLUENE
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TOLUENE
Toluene
Description:
Toluene is a clear, colorless, and volatile liquid with a distinct aromatic odor. It is a widely used industrial solvent, essential in various chemical processes. Toluene is also a significant raw material in the production of benzene, xylene, and other chemical compounds.
Chemical Formula: C₇H₈
CAS Number: 108-88-3
Properties:
Boiling Point: 110.6 °C (231.1 °F)
Melting Point: -95 °C (-139 °F)
Density: 0.866 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, and benzene
Vapor Pressure: 28.4 mmHg at 25 °C
Flash Point: 4.4 °C (40 °F) (closed cup)
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Aromatic, similar to paint thinners
Applications:
Solvent: Widely used in the production of paints, coatings, adhesives, inks, and cleaning agents.
Chemical Feedstock: Utilized in the manufacturing of benzene, xylene, and other aromatic hydrocarbons.
Fuel Additive: Occasionally added to gasoline to improve octane ratings and fuel efficiency.
Laboratory Reagent: Employed in various chemical synthesis processes in laboratories.
Safety Information:
Hazards: Toluene is highly flammable and poses health risks if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Prolonged exposure can affect the central nervous system and cause respiratory and skin irritation.
Handling: Use protective gear, including gloves and goggles. Ensure good ventilation in work areas to avoid inhalation of vapors.
First Aid: In case of contact, wash the affected area with water. If inhaled, move to fresh air immediately and seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Packaging Details:
Toluene is available in various packaging options to suit different industrial needs. The most common packaging types include:
Steel Drums:
Volume: 200 liters (55 gallons)
Material: High-grade steel with an anti-corrosive coating
Sealing: Tight-seal lids to prevent leakage and contamination
Usage: Ideal for bulk storage and transportation
IBC Totes (Intermediate Bulk Containers):
Volume: 1,000 liters (275 gallons)
Material: High-density polyethylene (HDPE) with a steel cage
Features: Stackable, durable, and equipped with valves for easy dispensing
Usage: Suitable for large-scale industrial applications
Small Containers:
Volume: 5 liters, 10 liters, 20 liters, 25 liters
Material: HDPE or metal cans
Sealing: Secure caps to prevent spills
Usage: Convenient for smaller-scale operations and laboratory use
Tankers:
Volume: Customized based on client requirements
Material: Stainless steel or specialized alloys
Features: Designed for safe transport of hazardous materials
Usage: Bulk transport over long distances
Storage and Handling:
Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and open flames. Ensure containers are tightly sealed when not in use.
Handling Precautions: Use proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow standard safety protocols to prevent accidents and exposure.
Regulatory Information:
UN Number: 1294
Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquids)
Packaging Group: II (Substances presenting medium danger)
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TETRAHYDROFURAN (THF)
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TETRAHYDROFURAN (THF)
Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
Chemical Description:
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a clear, colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with a low viscosity and a characteristic ether-like odor. It has the chemical formula C₄H₈O and is a fully hydrogenated derivative of furan. THF is a highly polar solvent and has a wide range of applications in industrial and laboratory settings.
Chemical Properties:
Molecular Formula: C₄H₈O
Molecular Weight: 72.11 g/mol
Boiling Point: 66°C (151°F)
Melting Point: -108°C (-162°F)
Density: 0.889 g/cm³ at 20°C
Flash Point: -14°C (6.8°F)
Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, ether, acetone, and benzene.
Applications:
Solvent: Widely used as a solvent for PVC and in varnishes and coatings due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of polymers.
Chemical Synthesis: Acts as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals, such as polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), a precursor for spandex fibers.
Laboratory Use: Employed as a reaction medium in Grignard and other organometallic reactions.
Pharmaceuticals: Utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals due to its ability to dissolve both polar and non-polar compounds.
Safety and Handling:
Hazards: THF is highly flammable, posing fire and explosion risks. It can form explosive peroxides upon prolonged exposure to air and light.
Precautions: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Use proper grounding and bonding procedures when transferring THF to prevent static discharge. Regularly monitor for the formation of peroxides.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Use appropriate gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing when handling THF. Ensure good ventilation or use fume extraction to minimize inhalation exposure.
Packaging Details:
Container Types: THF is typically packaged in high-quality steel drums or ISO tanks to ensure safety during transportation and storage.
Drum Packaging: Available in 200-liter (53-gallon) steel drums, which are internally coated to prevent contamination and oxidation.
ISO Tank: For bulk quantities, THF is supplied in ISO tank containers with capacities ranging from 20,000 to 24,000 liters, ensuring safe and efficient transport over long distances.
Labelling: Each container is labelled with the product name, chemical formula, hazard warnings, and handling instructions as per regulatory requirements (e.g., GHS, OSHA).
Storage and Transportation:
Storage Conditions: Store THF in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from sources of ignition and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and acids. Containers should be kept tightly closed when not in use.
Transportation: Classified as a hazardous material, THF must be transported in compliance with regulations set by agencies such as the Department of Transportation (DOT), International Air Transport Association (IATA), and International Maritime Organization (IMO). Proper labeling, documentation, and securement are essential to ensure safe transport.
Regulatory Information:
CAS Number: 109-99-9
EC Number: 203-726-8
Regulatory Compliance: Ensure compliance with local, national, and international regulations when handling and transporting THF. Follow guidelines provided by agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), and others.
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ACETONE
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ACETONE
Acetone
Chemical Formula: C₃H₆O
Molecular Weight: 58.08 g/mol
CAS Number: 67-64-1
Description:
Acetone is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid with a characteristic odor. It is one of the simplest ketones and is widely used as a solvent in various industrial and household applications. Acetone is miscible with water and serves as an important solvent in the manufacturing of plastics, synthetic fibers, and other chemicals.
Applications:
Solvent: Used in the production of plastics, fibers, drugs, and other chemicals. It is effective in thinning and removing paints, varnishes, and adhesives.
Cleaning Agent: Commonly used in laboratories for cleaning purposes.
Nail Polish Remover: Main ingredient in many nail polish removers.
Pharmaceuticals: Used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals.
Cosmetics: Used in some cosmetic products for its solvent properties.
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Boiling Point: 56°C (133°F)
Melting Point: -94.7°C (-138.5°F)
Density: 0.791 g/cm³ at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: 30.7 kPa at 20°C
Flash Point: -20°C (-4°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 465°C (869°F)
Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, ether, and most organic solvents
Safety Information:
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
Precautionary Measures: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces. Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting equipment. Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection.
First Aid Measures: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. If inhaled, remove to fresh air and keep at rest. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting and seek medical attention.
Packaging Details
Standard Packaging Options:
Small Bottles:
Volume: 500 ml, 1 L
Material: High-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles or glass bottles
Cap Type: Screw cap with tamper-evident seal
Medium Containers:
Volume: 5 L, 10 L
Material: HDPE jerry cans
Cap Type: Screw cap with tamper-evident seal
Drums:
Volume: 20 L, 25 L, 50 L, 100 L
Material: Metal or plastic drums
Cap Type: Bung hole with screw cap and optional tamper-evident seal
IBC Totes:
Volume: 1000 L
Material: Intermediate bulk containers (IBC) made of high-density polyethylene with a metal cage
Cap Type: Large screw cap with a vent and tamper-evident seal
Storage and Handling:
Store away from heat, sparks, open flames, and incompatible substances in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Containers should be tightly sealed when not in use to prevent leakage and evaporation.
Use proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats when handling acetone.
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ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (IPA)
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ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (IPA)
Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA)
Description:
Isopropyl Alcohol, commonly known as IPA, is a colorless, flammable liquid with a strong odor. It is one of the most widely used solvents in both industrial and household applications. IPA is miscible in water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform, making it a versatile chemical for various uses.
Chemical Formula: C₃H₈O
Uses:
Cleaning Agent: IPA is extensively used as a cleaning agent in households and industries. It effectively cleans surfaces, electronics, and medical equipment due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of non-polar compounds.
Disinfectant: Its antimicrobial properties make it an essential component in hand sanitizers, disinfectants, and antiseptics.
Solvent: Used in the pharmaceutical industry, personal care products, and cosmetics to dissolve other substances.
Intermediate: IPA serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals.
Packaging Details:
Small Bottles: Available in 500 ml, 1 L, and 2 L bottles made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with child-resistant caps to ensure safety.
Medium Containers: Supplied in 5 L and 20 L HDPE jerry cans, which are convenient for medium-scale use in laboratories and industries.
Large Drums: Available in 200 L steel or plastic drums for bulk use, suitable for large industrial applications.
IBC Totes: For large-scale industrial usage, IPA can be supplied in Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) of 1,000 L capacity, made from durable plastic with a protective metal cage.
Safety Information:
Hazards: Highly flammable liquid and vapor. Can cause eye irritation and may cause drowsiness or dizziness if inhaled.
Storage: Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces. Keep container tightly closed when not in use.
Handling: Use protective equipment such as gloves and goggles when handling IPA. Ensure good ventilation in the working area.
Regulatory Information:
CAS Number: 67-63-0
EINECS Number: 200-661-7
UN Number: 1219
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METHYLENE DICHLORIDE (MDC)
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METHYLENE DICHLORIDE (MDC)
Methylene Dichloride (MDC)
Chemical Name: Methylene Dichloride
CAS Number: 75-09-2
Chemical Formula: CH₂Cl₂
Other Names: Dichloromethane, DCM
Description: Methylene Dichloride, also known as dichloromethane or DCM, is a clear, colorless, and volatile liquid with a mildly sweet aroma. It is a versatile solvent used in various industrial and commercial applications due to its excellent solvency properties and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds.
Applications:
Paint Removers and Strippers: Used to dissolve paints, varnishes, and coatings.
Degreasing Agent: Employed in metal cleaning and degreasing operations.
Pharmaceuticals: Utilized in the extraction and purification of active ingredients.
Chemical Manufacturing: Serves as a reaction medium and intermediate.
Adhesives: Incorporated into formulations to enhance application properties.
Aerosols: Acts as a propellant in aerosol products.
Safety Information:
Hazards: Methylene Dichloride is considered hazardous and should be handled with care. It is harmful if inhaled and can cause respiratory and central nervous system depression. It may also cause skin and eye irritation.
Precautions: Use in well-ventilated areas, wear protective clothing, gloves, and eye protection. Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure.
First Aid: In case of inhalation, move to fresh air and seek medical attention if symptoms persist. In case of skin or eye contact, rinse immediately with plenty of water.
Packaging Details:
Methylene Dichloride is available in various packaging options to meet the needs of different industries. Common packaging formats include:
Small Containers: 1-liter and 5-liter HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) bottles for laboratory and small-scale use.
Drums: 200-litre steel drums suitable for larger industrial applications.
ISO Tanks: Available for bulk quantities, typically ranging from 20,000 to 24,000 liters for high-volume industrial uses.
Storage and Handling:
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames. Keep the containers tightly closed when not in use.
Handling: Ensure proper ventilation during use and follow all recommended safety protocols. Use appropriate tools and equipment to minimize exposure.
Regulatory Information:
Transport Information: Classified as a hazardous material. Follow all local and international regulations for the transportation of dangerous goods.
Environmental Impact: Ensure proper disposal methods are followed as per local regulations to prevent environmental contamination.
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ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE (EDC)
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ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE (EDC)
Ethylene Dichloride (EDC)
Chemical Name: Ethylene Dichloride (EDC)
Chemical Formula: C₂H₄Cl₂
CAS Number: 107-06-2
Synonyms: 1,2-Dichloroethane, EDC
Description:
Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor. It is a chlorinated hydrocarbon commonly used as an intermediate in the production of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), which is the precursor to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). EDC is also used as a solvent and in various other chemical manufacturing processes.
Physical Properties:
Molecular Weight: 98.96 g/mol
Boiling Point: 83.5°C
Melting Point: -35.7°C
Density: 1.253 g/cm³ at 20°C
Vapour Pressure: 64 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (8.69 g/L at 20°C), miscible with most organic solvents
Applications:
PVC Production: Majorly used as a feedstock in the manufacture of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), which is polymerized to produce polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Solvent: Utilized in the pharmaceutical industry, for degreasing, and in the extraction of oils and fats.
Intermediate: Employed in the synthesis of various organic compounds including chlorinated solvents and other chemical intermediates.
Safety and Handling:
Hazards: Highly flammable, toxic, and potentially carcinogenic. Exposure can cause dizziness, nausea, and central nervous system effects.
Handling: Use in a well-ventilated area with proper protective equipment, including gloves and eye protection. Avoid inhalation and contact with skin.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition and strong oxidizing agents.
Packaging Details:
Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) is typically packaged in various forms to meet industrial requirements, including:
Drums:
Capacity: 200 liters (53 gallons)
Material: Usually steel drums to ensure chemical stability and safety during transport and storage.
Features: Tight-sealing lids to prevent leakage and exposure to air.
IBC Totes:
Capacity: 1,000 liters (264 gallons)
Material: High-density polyethylene (HDPE) with a metal cage for support.
Features: Equipped with valves for easy dispensing and handling.
Tankers:
Capacity: Varies, typically between 20,000 to 30,000 liters.
Material: Stainless steel or lined tankers to prevent corrosion and contamination.
Features: Designed for bulk transportation, equipped with safety measures to handle the chemical’s properties.
Small Containers:
Capacity: Available in 5 liters, 20 liters, and 50 liters.
Material: HDPE or metal containers.
Features: Suitable for smaller-scale industrial or laboratory use, easy to handle and store.
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DIMETHYL FORMIDE (DMF)
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DIMETHYL FORMIDE (DMF)
Dimethylformamide (DMF)
Description:
Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid with a faint amine odor. It is a versatile organic solvent widely used in various industrial applications due to its high solvency power. DMF is miscible with water and most organic solvents, making it an essential chemical in numerous processes.
Chemical Properties:
Chemical Formula: C₃H₇NO
Molecular Weight: 73.09 g/mol
Boiling Point: 153 °C (307.4 °F)
Melting Point: -61 °C (-77.8 °F)
Density: 0.944 g/cm³
Flash Point: 58 °C (136.4 °F)
Solubility: Miscible with water and most organic solvents
Uses:
Pharmaceuticals: Used as a solvent in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds.
Textiles: Employed in the production of acrylic fibers and for dyeing and printing fabrics.
Polymers and Plastics: Solvent for resins and plastics, aiding in the production of synthetic leather, adhesives, and surface coatings.
Chemical Reactions: Acts as a reaction medium in various chemical reactions due to its excellent solvent properties.
Packaging:
Dimethylformamide (DMF) is typically packaged in the following ways to ensure safe storage and transportation:
Drums: 200-liter (53-gallon) steel or plastic drums
IBC Totes: 1,000-liter (264-gallon) Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs)
Smaller Containers: Available in 25-liter (6.6-gallon) jerry cans or smaller bottles for laboratory use
Safety and Handling:
Hazards: DMF is toxic if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. It can cause skin and eye irritation and may have long-term health effects with prolonged exposure.
Precautions: Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and protective clothing. Ensure proper ventilation in the working area.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place, away from sources of ignition and incompatible materials. Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.
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XYLENE
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XYLENE
Xylene
Chemical Name: Xylene
Chemical Formula: C₆H₄(CH₃)₂
CAS Number: 1330-20-7
Description:
Xylene is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet odor. It is a mixture of three isomers: ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, and para-xylene. Xylene is commonly used as a solvent in various industries due to its effective solvency properties and relatively low toxicity.
Applications:
Industrial Solvent: Widely used in the printing, rubber, and leather industries.
Paints and Coatings: Utilized in the formulation of varnishes, paints, and coatings due to its excellent solubility.
Chemical Synthesis: Acts as a raw material or intermediate in the production of several chemicals and resins.
Laboratory Uses: Employed in histology for tissue processing, staining, and cover slipping.
Cleaning Agent: Effective in degreasing and cleaning machinery parts and equipment.
Properties:
Molecular Weight: 106.17 g/mol
Boiling Point: 138-144°C (280-291°F)
Melting Point: -47.4°C (-53.3°F)
Density: 0.864 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F)
Flash Point: 27°C (81°F)
Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with organic solvents like alcohol, ether, and benzene.
Safety Information:
Hazards: Xylene is flammable and poses a risk of fire and explosion. Inhalation or prolonged exposure can cause respiratory issues, dizziness, and other health hazards.
First Aid: In case of inhalation, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention if symptoms persist. For skin contact, wash thoroughly with soap and water. In case of eye contact, rinse with plenty of water and consult a physician.
Packaging Details:
Xylene is available in various packaging options to meet the diverse needs of industries and laboratories. Typical packaging includes:
Small Containers:
1 Liter Bottles: Made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass to ensure safe storage and handling.
5 Liter Cans: Durable metal or plastic cans designed for convenient use in smaller industrial applications or laboratories.
Drums:
200 Liter Drums: Constructed from steel or high-quality plastic, these drums are suitable for bulk storage and transportation. They feature secure sealing to prevent leaks and contamination.
Galvanized Steel Drums: Often used for their robustness and durability in harsh industrial environments.
Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs):
1000 Liter IBCs: These large containers are made from reinforced plastic and housed in a metal cage for stability. They are ideal for large-scale industrial operations requiring substantial quantities of xylene.
Storage and Handling:
Storage Conditions: Store xylene in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition. Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination.
Handling Precautions: Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection when handling xylene. Ensure good ventilation in work areas to minimize inhalation risks.
Regulatory Information:
Transportation: Xylene is classified as a hazardous material. Ensure compliance with local, national, and international regulations for the transport of flammable liquids.
Labeling: Proper labeling with hazard symbols and safety information is mandatory to ensure safe handling and usage.
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